Background & Aims: The harmful effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) on biological system have been reported previously. Electromagnetic field as an environmental factor is produced by routinely used electrical appliances such as TV and computers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of EMF on semen producing organs.Materials & Methods: For EMF production, a 50 Hz alternative current is used and a 3 mT EMF was produced. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 3 mT EMF for 2 months, 5 h/day. After the experimental period, rats in both control and experimental groups were killed, and specimens from ductus epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle prepared for electron microscopic studies.Results: Microscopic studies showed the following changes in experimental groups, in comparison to controls; in epididiymis, the height of epithelial cells and also the height of sterocilia were increased (P<0.05), but the number of secretary cells decreased (P<0.05); in prostate, the number of intracellular secretary granules seemed to increase and nuclei of the cells became irregular in shape; in seminal vesicles, the density of secretary granules significantly changed.Conclusions: The changes produced by EMF are all indications of changes in secretory function of cells that are involved in semen production. These changes in turn can result in qualitative changes in semen.

Background and Objectives: Men are unavoidably exposed to ambient electro magnetic fields (EMF) generated from various electrical gadgets and from power transmission lines because of their situation of job. So the protection is important controversy exists about the EMF effects on various organs. The main goal of this study was to evaluation that the EMF can increase the risk of infertility in men or not. One of the critical issues is that EMF may adversely affect the reproductive system and men infertility.Materials and Methods: To examine this, rat parents 50 male and 50 female 15 weeks age were mated in animal house of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Later on rat pups (30 numbers) were exposed to 50 Hz EMF (non-ionizing radiation) during in utero development (approximately 3 weeks) and postnatal life (5 weeks). The materials were processed and observed under light and transmission electron microscope.Results: In the experimental rats, boundary tissue was found disrupted in its various layers.It showed infoldings, which were perhaps due to the loss of collagen and reticular fibrils from the inner and outer non-cellular layer. The myoid cells showed few polyribosomes, pinocytotic vesicles and glycogen granules. Their mitochondria were without cristae. The connections between individual myoid cells were apparently lost.Conclusion: Based on this study the results suggest that EMF exposure causes profound changes in the genital organs of male rats. On long-term exposure, it could result in irreversible damage, which may lead to sub fertility and hence should be avoided.

Objective: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), comprise a group of small extracellular proteins with a common b-sheet-dominated 3-dimensional structure. In the past, the predominant role of lipocalins was assumed to be to act as transport proteins and, for several members, this is likely to be an important function. Recently it is suggested that LCN2 has role in ROS scavangering. It is proved that Electromagnetic field could produce ROS in different tissues. Expression of LCN2 in such condition in testis tissue and its role in reproduction was investigated in this study.Materials and Methods: In this study, 10 bulb/c mice were exposed to 3MT EMF for 2 months, 4 hours/day. After 2 months, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and testis removed. This tissue was fixed by formalin 10% and tissue passage processing is performed. Slides were stained by hematoxiline-Eosin (H&E). Number of leydic and primary spermatocyte cells and diameter of basal lamina were measured by light microscope. For Real-time RT-PCR, Total RNA from testis tissues was extracted by Trizol reagent the quantity and quality of RNA were determined by spectrophotometry and electrophoresis, respectively. Reverse transcription was performed by SuperScript III reverse transcriptase with 1mg of total RNA followed by DNaseI treatment and heat inactivation. Expression of Lcn2 was determined by semi quantative and real time-PCR.Results: The light microscopic study of seminiferous tubules showed that basal lamina was thickend. Number of Primary spermatocytes was increased compared to control group. Study on interestitial space showed that number of leydic cells increased. Real-Time PCR result showed that Lcn2 was down- regulated in both semiquantative and real time-PCR.Conclusion: Testis is one of the organs that express Lcn2 in high level. It is also one of the sensitive organs in exposure to electromagnetic filed. Taken together, down regulation of Lcn2 might account for some consequences of electromagnetic exposure including infertility. However, further and complementary studies are required in this regards.

Introduction: According to increasing use of modern technology in some industries and equipment by men protect of EMF is very important as a new problem.Objectives: Survey of effects of electromagnetic fields on prostate in rat.Materials and Methods: In this study 50 male and 50 female 15 rats (15 weeks age) were selected as parents’ rats. Reproductive system were exposed 50 Hz EMF (non-ionizing radiation). Among born rats, 30 rats were selected as control and case groups randomly. In case group, Rats were exposed under EMF during 5 weeks. At the end of this time, biopsy of prostate was performed of 50 rats of both groups.Results: Prostate is an important gland of male genital organs. It is made up 30-50 small glands. In this study we found that secretary epithelial cells were inactive and cubical generally. Their nucleuses were dense. Corpus Amylase was more than normal. Smooth muscle cells spread out in different directions with heterochromatic nucleus.Conclusion: Based on this study it is suggested that human's staying under EMF exposure not safe for spermatogenesis process and prostate gland's normal activities. So it can increase the risk of sterility in men.

A high speed and the absence of a precise control over pressure distribution have confined the sheet EMF in a die to simple shapes having shallow depths. It is possible to reach a higher depth by applying a convex punch instead of a concave die. In this work, sheet EMF on a punch and sheet EMF in a die are investigated. The electromagnetic part of the work is analytically investigated, and its mechanical part is numerically studied using FEM in the Abaqus software. In order to couple the electromagnetic and mechanical parts, the no-coupling method is used. The results obtained are verified by comparing them with the earlier experimental ones in the literature. Al 1050 is used in this work. The rate-dependent and rate-independent hardenings are taken into consideration for the mechanical behavior of the material. Using an appropriate hardening model for the material yields acceptable results. Furthermore, a convex punch is used instead of a concave die to reach a higher depth in sheet EMF.

Background and Aim: Nowadays using modem technology in human life, such as mobile phones and necessities of life, has increased and unavoidably exposed to ambient electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated from various electrical devices and from power transmission lines. The aim of our study was to see the effect of (EMF) on Anatomical & Histopathological of Gingival-epithelial tissue in rat. Materials and Methods: In this study 30 rat pups (age: 15weeks), randomly allocated into test group (n=15) and control group (n=15). The test group was exposed to 50 Hz EMF(80G) (non-ionizing radiation) during postnatal life (5 weeks) and (n=15) rat pups were kept free of radiation in control group, at the end of the 5th week of experiment the samples were collected from Gingival-epithelial tissue in whole rats (pups) in the experiment group.Results: This study indicated that experimental rats Gingival-epithelial tissue was found disrupted at various layers and due to the loss of collagen fibrils and the rates of apoptotic cells are increased in the test group (33±0/074) in compared with control group (12±0/044), (P£ 0/01).Conclusion: These results suggest that EMF exposure may cause profound changes in the gingival tissue and decreasing in its integument layers. Therefore exposure to EMF may result in pathological changes that lead to dental and gingival disorders and diseases.